陳垣史學與教會因緣

The Relationship between the Historical Studies of Chen Yuan and the Society of Jesus

作為中國近代史學的奠基人之一，陳垣在學術史上的地位舉足輕重。關於陳垣的基督教徒身分以及他對於中國宗教史研究的開拓，既有的研究可謂卷帙浩繁。然而以下的弔詭現象卻多為已有的研究所忽略或者語焉不詳：身為新教徒的陳垣，其史學成就基本與新教關係不大，卻與天主教的關係密不可分。陳垣的史學研究從天主教耶穌會方面受益巨大，他對於教會學術資源的利用與英斂之、馬相伯和徐宗澤等天主教人士的交往密切相關。本文以考證為主要方法，圍繞著人事和學術兩條主線，分析人際交往所帶動的學術資源的利用和流傳，著重把握事件的時間性，釐清了既往研究中很多模糊不清之處，顯示了耶穌會對於中國近代學術的發展有著不可忽視的貢獻。陳垣的史學研究固然從教會方面獲益頗多，而教會方面也藉助陳垣的研究使得包括天主教史在內的宗教史研究進入中國的主流學術，兩者相得益彰。更為重要的是，這些著述是當時中國學界與域外漢學對話和競爭的典範之作，對於近代中國史學的發展影響深遠。

Chen Yuan played a prominent part in the transformation of Chinese modern historical studies. Many works have discussed his pioneering exploration into the history of religions in modern China and its great influence. As a Protestant scholar, Chen Yuan produced historical studies that had a very close relationship with Catholic resources, especially those of the Society of Jesus. The friendship between Chen Yuan and many important Chinese Catholics such as Ying Lianzhi, Ma Xiangbo and Xu Zongze greatly facilitated Chen Yuan’s career. This article explores their history and highlights the significance of the Society of Jesus for the Chinese modern discipline of history. On the one hand, Chen Yuan took full advantage of Christian resources in his scholarship; while on the other hand his studies demonstrated a new paradigm for later Chinese historians. Moreover, these works have drawn the serious attention of foreign Sinologists, which demonstrates successful interaction as well as competition between Chinese historians and foreign Sinologists.