從西方政府監管改革經驗分析地方人大立法創新路徑

Analysis on the Local Legislation from the Experience of Western Government Regulation Reforms

目前我國以簡政放權改革為突破口的政府職能轉變取得了很大進展，但實踐中也出現了有效的事中、事後監管手段沒有跟進等問題，推進政府監管方式改革的任務非常迫切。而在現代法治國家，政府監管改革勢必要依託法律和各種規範為實現載體。作為各國面臨的共同課題，西方相關改革已經進行了30多年，積累了豐富經驗和深刻教訓。本文從規範制定的角度對西方政府監管改革過程中規範形式與範疇的變化、規範調整模式的改良、規範評價系統的更新等進行了總結和梳理，提出西方政府監管改革以規範擴容、規範轉型和規範重新定位與分層為外在表現，核心是對傳統規範實施的強制模式、對市場主體適用同一標準的規範理念和注重產出效益的規範評價系統進行各種反思和改良嘗試，從而積極適應現代監管要求。而這些對我國地方人大立法創新有重要的啟示作用，要實現政府監管改革目標，地方立法應當科學界定設區的市和省級立法的不同側重點，引進西方一些公共管理規範的成功模型，扶持引導社會組織有效參與公共管理，通過這些領域的先行先試立法，為政府職能的轉變提供更有力的支持。

At present, China has made great progress in the transformation of government functions based on the reform of decentralization. But in practice, there are also some problems such as insufficient supervision and no subsequent follow-up. Therefore, it is urgent to push forward the reform of government regulation. In the modern country under the rule of law, the government supervision reform must rely on the lawand regulations. As a common task facing all countries, the Western related reforms have been carried out for more than thirty years, and have accumulated rich experience and profound lessons. This paper proposes that the core of Western regulation reform is based on the reflection of the traditional deterrence model, on the principle of identical requirement to all the players, as well as the output –efficiency standard evaluation system. These have important reference to China’s local legislation about how to provide powerful support to the transformation of government functions. The paper also gives some suggestions on this practical subject.