全國人大常委會法工委立法職能略論

On the Legislative Functions of Legislative Affairs Commission in the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the P.R.C

全國人民代表大會常務委員會（以下簡稱“全國人大常委會”）法制工作委員會（以下簡稱“法工委”）雖然只是全國人大常委會的內部工作機構，卻在整個人大及其常委會的立法層面發揮著巨大的作用。法工委從1979年初創至今，其立法職能經歷了從政治到法治、從綜合到專業、從臨時到穩定的變遷。根據《中華人民共和國立法法》（以下簡稱《立法法》）的規定，法工委的立法職能包括立法調研、法律案徵求意見、立法前評估、擬定立法解釋草案、立法計畫的編訂與監督、法律草案起草、立法後評估、答覆法律詢問、規範性檔備案審查等。實踐中，法工委還有擬定法律清理意見、編制與出臺《立法技術規範》、法律實施檢查、法律問題研究、編寫法律釋義、聯合有關部委出臺規範性檔等基本許可權及其他輔助職能。通過將法工委與國內外相近機構的立法職能做比較，可以更清晰明確地把握法工委的法律定位與工作方向。

Legislative Affairs Commission in the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the P.R.C (refer to as“LAC”), which is only an internal work organization in Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the PRC (refer to as “SCNPC”), but plays an essential role on the NPC and its SC legislative stage. LAC’s legislative functions during the evolution from its start-up in 1979 probably presents three changes: from political to legal, from comprehensive to professional, from temporary to stable. There vised Legislation Law regulates that LAC’s legislative functions include: legislation investigations and researches, soliciting opinions concerning Draft Law, assessment before legislation, drafting a legislation, drafting and supervising the legislative plan, drafting the Legislation Interpretation, assessment after legislation, reply for the legal enquiry, filing of regulatory documents, and soon. In the legislative practice, LAC has basic function such as providing advices for clean-up of legal documents, compiling and publishing the Technical Standards for Legislation, inspecting the enforcement of laws, researching legal issues, compiling interpretations of law, coordinating with relevant ministries and commissions to issue regulatory documents and other assistant functions. By comparing the legislation functions of similar institutions local and abroad, we can more clearly and definitely grasp the legal position and work direction of LAC.