論立法成本效益評估制度的發展及改進

On the Development and Improvement of Legislative Cost-benefit Analysis System A Discussion on Perfection Path of Local Ecological Redline Legislation

立法成本效益評估制度通過為立法的成本與收益設定相應的指標進而量化，計算立法成果的淨收益，以此來考慮是否制定或修改法律，其將效率這一價值確切地貫徹在立法過程中。文章主要探討立法成本效益評估制度的對象範圍、價值理念、立法成本效益的實質，通過引入正義和立法的本質關係，探究立法成本效益評估制度如何確保正義貫徹于立法活動中。分析其理論基礎，以及通過對各國的立法成本效益評估制度建構和運行模式進行研究，來分析該制度的局限性。再根據其局限性，結合中國的經濟制度、政治理念、價值的優位與選擇，尤其是結合大資料技術的運用，進行資料採擷，整合立法空間與立法資源，提出相應的補充改進之法，借用大資料等方法來完善立法專案的精細化管理。希望立法的成本效益評估制度能夠更進一步地發展，在我國立法實踐過程中，尤其是在地方立法過程中得到更多的運用，減少不必要或者低效率的立法活動。

The legislative cost-benefit evaluation system calculates the net income of the legislative achievements by quantifying the indexes which are set for the costs and benefits of the legislation, so as to consider whether to enact or amend the law. The value of efficiency issurely implemented in the legislation process. The article mainly discusses the object scope, the value and the essence of the legislative cost-benefit legislation, and through the introduction of the essential relationship between justice and legislation, investigates how the legislative cost-benefit evaluation system can ensure the implement of justice in the legislative activities. It is aimed to analyze the limitations of this system through the analysis of its theoretical basis, and the studies on the construction and the operation mode of the national cost-benefit evaluation system. And according to its limitations, taking China’s economic system, political ideas, the superiority and choice of value, especially the use of big-data technology into consideration, the paper attempts to mine data, integrate legislative space and legislative resources, put forward the corresponding supplementary improvement of the law, and improve the refined management of legislative projects with the help of big data and others. It is hoped that the legislative cost-benefit evaluation system can be further developed and that it can be further used in the process of our country’s legislative practice, especially that of local legislative practice to reduce unnecessary or in efficient legislative activities.