地方立法評估的實踐審視與制度完善

Practice Review and System Improvement of Local Legislation Evaluation

肇始於20世紀末、21世紀初的地方立法評估實踐，在地方立法科學化、民主水準促進和地方立法品質提升等方面發揮出了積極的社會功效。近年來，各地紛紛頒行地方立法評估規則，地方立法評估制度法治化發展態勢明顯。但目前看來，地方立法評估制度在實踐運行中尚存在著評估工作啟動隨意、評估成果轉化與應用不足、表決前評估尚未能引起足夠重視、評估工作少采協力廠商參與模式而有失客觀公正等諸多缺陷。由最高國家權力機關制定地方立法評估法，以期建構一體化科學理性的地方立法評估制度，提升該制度的權威性、充足其正當性，實現地方立法評估制度建構和運行的法治化，是克服缺陷且全面實現制度設置目的的應然選擇。

Beginning at the end of the last century, local legislative assessment practice in the beginning of this century has played an active social role in the scientificization of local legislation, the promotion of democratic level and the improvement of the quality of local legislation. In recent years, various localities have promulgated the local legislative evaluation rules, and the legalization of local legislative evaluation system has shown a clear trend of development. However, at present it seems that there is still some problems in the local legislative evaluation system, such as the start of assessment work, the transformation and application of evaluation results, the failure to assess the vote before the vote, the loss of the third party participation in assessment work and many other defects. The central government has drafted the Local Legislation Evaluation Law of China with a view to construct a system of local legislative evaluation of integrated scientific rationality, enhancing the authority of the system, adequately justifying it, and achieving the rule of law in the construction and operation of the local legislative evaluation system. It is an appropriate choice to overcome the defects and realize the goal of system establishment in an all-round way.