法政策學視角下“河長制＂的立法與實踐──以《江門市潭江流域水質保護條例》為例

The Legislation and Practice of 'the System River-leader' Under the Perspective of the Science of Law and Policy-Taking Water Protection Ordinance of Tanjiang River Basin of Jiangmen City as an Example

全面推行“河長制＂始於政策驅動。從法政策學視角考慮，“河長制＂的推行需要考慮法律與政策的雙重因素。“河長制＂的立法，應該釐清環境政策與環境法律這兩大制度工具系統之間的“邊界＂，在法律的效能上要處理好制度與程序、權利和救濟、義務與責任的關係。以潭江流域治理為例，在進行“河長制＂的制度頂層設計時，需要考慮“河長制＂實施的可行性、運行程序的正當性，既要注意利益平衡，拓展社會資金和公眾參與管道，保障“河長＂決策權，也要通過建立嚴格的“河長＂考核檢查、評價、獎懲和約談等行政問責制度，引入信息公開與環境公益訴訟，構建公務員信義義務體系，來規制“河長＂權力，確保權力行使合理、合法。

The full implementation of the 'system of river-leader' begins with the policy driven. From the perspective of the science of law and policy, the dual factors of laws and policies in the implementation of system of river-leader need to be considered. The legislation of system of river-leader should clarify the border between two tool systems such as the environmental policy and legal system, dealing with the relationship between system and procedures, rights and remedies, obligation and responsibility for the legal effectiveness. Taken Tanjiang River basin governance for an example, the top-level system design of 'system of river-leader' needs to consider the feasibility of 'system of river-leader', and the justification for running programs, the top-level system design of 'system of river-leader' not only needs to pay attention to the balance of interests, to expand social capital and the channels for public participation, to ensure 'river-leader' decision-making power, but also needs to set up a strict 'river-leader' examination, evaluation, reward, interviews and other administrative accountability systems, to introduce information disclosure and environmental public interest litigation, to construct fiduciary duty system of civil servant, to regulate the power of 'river-leader', to ensure a reasonable and legitimate exercise of power.