論香港《基本法》解釋機制的協調──基於全國人大常委會五次釋法的經驗

The Coordination of the Hong Kong Basic Law Interpretation Mechanisms-Based on the Five Interpretations by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法》能否在法治框架下得以順暢實施，與《基本法》的解釋機制密不可分。《基本法》規定全國人大常委會擁有其解釋權，並由全國人大常委會授權香港法院在審理案件時的解釋權。“一國兩制＂下香港按照《基本法》的規定繼續採用普通法，其法律制度與社會主義傳統的中國法制在歷史沿革及適用上的區別較明顯，因此，兩種解釋機制在銜接協調上需要磨合。有見及此，本文通過香港特別行政區成立以來全國人大常委會五次釋法的總體回顧，對人大釋法進行解釋學及程序上的比較歸納，在法律解釋規則和法律解釋程序兩方面，檢視《基本法》解釋機制的優勢及挑戰，探索全國人大常委會與特區法院兩種解釋機制的銜接協調。

The Interpretation mechanism is vital to the implementation of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The power of interpretation shall be vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the committee shall authorize the courts of Hong Kong to interpret the Basic Law under several limitations according to the Basic Law. Under the principle of 'one country, two systems', Hong Kong maintains its long-term prosperity and stability with the English common law applied. Its legal system, in the history evolution and the system design, is evidently different from the socialist legal system practised in China. Inevitably, hurdles exist throughout the coordination of the two interpretation mechanisms. Thus, this paper reviews the past five interpretations by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress since the handover of Hong Kong, by comparing and summarizing the procedures and methodologies of these five interpretations. Through examining the interpretation methodology and procedure, it concludes the advantages and challenges in the existing interpretation mechanism of the Basic Law, and explores the possibility in the coordination between the congress interpretation mechanism and the Hong Kong court interpretation mechanism.