地方性法規立項論證若干問題研究

Research on Issues of the Argumentation of Local Legislative Project

立項論證，是指立法機關就法規建議項目的必要性、可行性等問題進行研究、分析的活動，它對科學配置立法資源、提高地方立法效率具有重要意義。立法機關應當為立項論證工作付出適當的成本，推動論證工作從形式性向實質性轉變。立項論證的標準包括：(1)形式標準，要求具備規範的法規草案文本、相關說明和參考資料、調研論證情況報告、起草工作計畫等；(2)必要性標準，主要分析立法項目與地方經濟社會工作大局、人民群眾的切身利益、當前社會的主要矛盾和突出問題的關聯度；(3)可行性標準，主要分析立法項目調研是否充分、是否具備國內外同類立法經驗、體制性矛盾是否已經協調解決、立法時機是否成熟、主要制度是否可行、與國家的立法是否存在銜接或者協調上的障礙、立法的正負效益等；(4)不可立項的標準，主要分析立法項目是否超越地方立法的權限、與上位法是否相抵觸、有關方面對立法必要性和可行性是否存在重大分歧意見、是否屬於不需要通過立法來解決的事項、立法目的是否主要維護部門利益等。

The argumentation of local legislative project, which refers to the research and analysis of the legislature on the necessity and feasibility of a proposed legislative project, is of great significance to the scientific allocation of legislative resources and the improvement of the efficiency of local legislation. The legislature should pay appropriate cost for the argumentation of legislative project and promote it to transform from a formality only to a substantive work. There are some criteria for the argumentation of legislative project: (a) the formality, including the draft regulations, text instructions, reference, research and demonstration report and draft working plan; (b) the necessity, including the analysis of the correlation between legislative project and local society and economy, the people's interests, and the major contradiction and problem in current society; (c) feasibility, which mainly analyzes whether the legislative research project is sufficient or whether they have similar domestic and foreign legislative experience, whether institutional contradictions have been resolved, the timing for legislation is mature, the main system is feasible, and there is convergence or legislative coordination obstacles, and the benefit and cost of the legislation; (d) the standard for not establishing the project, which mainly analyze whether the legislative project is beyond the scope and authority of local legislation, whether it conflict with the upper laws, or there are significant dissent, or it is not necessary for legislation, or there is a problem of department interest protectionism.