環境告發立法探析

Environmental Whistleblowing Legislation Research

環境告發在我國已經成為一項法定制度，但既有的各層級立法過於抽象，缺乏可操作性，有關該制度的理論研究也並不充分。國外以組織語境下的內部告發為重點的制度設計由其法治傳統和本國國情決定，與我國既有制度和現實國情並不完全適應。我國理想的環境告發立法應當堅持廣義的告發標準，並以告發的完整流程為邏輯線索，重點關注內部人告發與外部人告發，內部告發與外部告發，實名告發與匿名告發，善意告發與惡意告發，合格告發、瑕疵告發以及虛假告發等核心要素之間的區別。在中央層面制定告發基本法的條件尚未成熟的背景下，地方立法對於環境告發有著重要的探索作用。

Environmental whistle blowing is a statutory regulation of different hierarchy legislation, but all of them is abstract and lack operability, relative research is not sufficient. Foreign whistle blowing legislation's focus on organization's internal whistle blowing is decided by their own legal traditions and national conditions, which are not completely adaptable to China. The ideal whistleblowing legislation of China is taking generalized whistle blowing standard as basis, whole process of whistleblowing as logical clue, with concentration on key factors of whistleblowing, such as employee whistleblowing, public whistleblowing, internal whistleblowing, external whistleblowing, real-name whistleblowing, anonymous whistleblowing, bona fides whistle blowing, males fides whistle blowing and so on. For the immature conditions of whistleblowing basic law making, relative local legislation should play a key role of environmental whistleblowing exploration.