利益協調理念下的食品攤販法律治理──基於地方立法的文本分析

On Legal Governance of Food Vendors in the Perspective of Interest Coordination Idea － Based on Normative Analysis of the Local Legislation

基於授權立法模式，地方立法成為我國食品攤販法律治理的重點，並且將在一到兩年內迎來立法高潮。須以弱勢群體保障、城市文化、公共空間、市場秩序、食品安全等維度審視食品攤販治理的利益結構，建構利益協調理念下的食品攤販法律治理。食品攤販地方立法應當豁免市場主體准入，加強公共空間准入，改革食品安全准入，健全經營範圍准入。基於信息規制，食品攤販應承擔信息公開、保存和收集義務，食品安全監管部門應加強信息公開，建立食品攤販信用記錄。食品攤販的城市空間管理包括攤販中心和設攤區域兩種模式。食品攤販的事中檢查應當加強巡查、抽查，鼓勵投訴、舉報。食品攤販的行政監管應當建立跨部門的統一機構或協調機構，不斷完善行業自律、社會監督的社會共治機制。食品攤販地方立法應當選擇城市立法、人大立法、專項立法的模式。

Under the authorization legislative model, local legislation is the focus of legal governance of food vendors in China, and will be in the climax within 1-2 years. It is necessary to examine interest structure of food vendor governance in the dimension of protecting vulnerable groups, urban culture, public space, market order, and food security, and establish legal governance of food vendor with the idea of interest coordination. Local legislation on food vendors should exempt the market access, strengthen urban public space access, reform food safety market access, and improve the access of business scope. Based on information regulation, food vendors should undertake the obligations of public information, preservation and collection, and the food safety supervision departments should strengthen information disclosure, establish food vendors credit records system. Urban public space management of food vendors includes two modes: vendors' center and vendors' region. As for the examination of food vendors, the inspections, checks, encourage complaints and reports system should be strengthened. In respect of administrative supervision of food vendors, a cross-sectoral unified coordinating mechanism should be established, and social governance mechanism of the industrial self-discipline and social supervision should be improved. Local legislation on food vendors should adopt the mode of the urban legislation, legislation by the people's congress, and special legislation.