論科學確定立法專案對地方立法的實踐意義──以梅州市立法實踐為視角

On Practical Significance of Scientific Determination of Local Legislative Project-From the Perspective of Local Legislation Practice of Meizhou City

立法項目的確定關係著地方立法工作能否有序、高效地開展，是設區的市行使立法權的首要課題。科學的立法項目應該具備合法性、針對性和實效性三個因素，合法性因素要求立法項目應該在法律規定的範疇內確定，針對性因素要求立法項目應該以問題為導向著力解決社會管理中的現實問題，實效性因素要求立法項目能夠綜合考慮地方立法的實際需求及能力。在堅持依法立項、科學立項、民主立項、開門立項基本思路的同時，地方立法工作仍然面臨著立法權限難界定、立法主動性不強、利益傾向難把握、立項機制不健全等法規立項的難題。梅州市作為《立法法》修改後廣東省首批獲得地方立法權的設區的市之一，具有立法經驗欠缺、立法機制不全等典型特徵。本文結合梅州市的立法實踐，提出了科學確定立法項目的五個標準，以精准化的問題導向思路確定科學的立法項目，著力引導地方立法克服硬體障礙，使地方立法凸顯地方特色、服務於地方法治。

The selection of legislative projects, which is the primary subject of local legislation, is related to whether the local legislative work can be carried out in an orderly and efficient manner. A scientific legislative project should has three factors: legality, pertinency, effectiveness. Legality requires that legislative projects should be determined within the scope of law; effectiveness requires that it should consider the actual demand and ability of the local legislation, pertinency requires that it should be problem-oriented to focus on solving real problems in social management. While upholding the basic principles of determining local legislative projects legally, scientifically, democratically, and publicly, we still faces problems such as the difficulty to define the scope of legislative authority, lack of initiative of local legislation, the difficulty to master the interest orientation, the inadequate mechanism and so on. Meizhou city, as one of the first batch of districted cities in Guangdong Province which obtained local legislative authority after the revision of Legislation Law, has inadequate legislative experience and mechanism. Based on the practice of Meizhou City, this article puts forward five criteria for scientifically determining the legislative project. It suggests precise problem-oriented idea to determine legislative projects so that the obstacles in local legislation could be overcome, and the local characteristics could be high-lighted, and the rule of law could be achieved.