地方立法能力提升的內省與前瞻──以陝西省設區的市立法現狀為樣本

An Introspection and Foresight of Improving Local Legislation Ability--Based on the Legislation of Districted Cities in Shanxi Province

2015年修正的《中華人民共和國立法法》賦予設區的市地方立法權，同時把提高立法質量作為地方立法的一項重要目標。明確了設區的市地方立法權的賦予是對地方民眾創造力和社會主體的制度性的尊重，是對地方特殊性和差異性的法律確認。同時賦予設區的市行使地方立法權也為進一步開展城市治理和城鄉一體化的社會治理提供開創性和自主性的空間。從另一角度講，賦予設區的市地方立法權是進一步明確中央事權與地方事權的範圍，也是提升地方治理能力和治理水平的重要方式之一。本文從地方立法權擴容的衡量尺度入手，通過以一省為單位對設區的市的地方立法現狀做出系統、全面的分析，進而釐出提升地方立法能力的可操作性方案以及從中提煉出地方立法能力提升中關於立法聚合、主題開合以及方法融合的三點啟示。

2015 revision of the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China confers local legislative power on districted cities, at the same time sets the goal of improving the quality of local legislation. It shows the institutional respect of the creativity of the local people and social subjects, and legal confirmation of local particularity and difference. The entitlement of local legislative power to municipal governments is to further develop urban governance and the social governance of urban and rural integration by providing pioneering space and autonomy. From another point of view, the entitlement of local legislative power to municipal governments is to clarify the scope of the central and local administrative powers, and to improve the capacity of local governance.