地方立法保護獨特歷史文化遺產──以《天津市歷史風貌建築保護條例》為例

On Protecting the Unique Historical and Cultural Heritage by Local Legislation － Taking the Regulations of Tianjin Municipality on the Protection of the Historic and Stylistic Architecture as an Example

在城市開發建設過程中，如何保護和利用好城市獨有的不可再生的歷史文化遺產，使之成為邁向現代化過程中的重要優勢資源，是許多城市面臨的迫在眉睫需要解決的重大難題。天津作為國家級歷史文化名城，早在2005年天津市人大常委會就從本地實際出發，制定出臺了《天津市歷史風貌建築保護條例》，開地方立法之先河，確立了一整套具有天津地方特色的制度和規範，為保護和利用好天津獨有的歷史建築風貌提供了重要的法規依據。在條例統領下，天津建立起獨具特色的歷史風貌建築保護工作體系；依據條例規定的標準和程序，分6批確認了877幢歷史風貌建築，形成了“保護優先、合理利用、修舊如故、安全適用＂的理念，通過一系列獨特的制度措施，對歷史風貌建築實施了全方位的保護與有效的利用。11年的歷史風貌建築保護實踐表明，條例是一部具有很強前瞻性和可操作性的法規，是地方立法引領和推動地方改革發展的生動典型。從條例中總結出的一些地方立法的經驗和啟示對其他兄弟省市也具有參考和借鑒意義。

In the process of urban development and construction, it is an urgent Issue for many cities to protect and maintain the unique non-renewable historical and cultural heritage of the city and utilize the heritage as an important resource in the process of modernization. Since Tianjin Municipality is a national historical and cultural city, as early as in 2005 the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Tianjin Municipality, based on the real situation of Tianjin Municipality, promulgated the Regulations of Tianjin Municipality on the Protection of the Historic and Stylistic Architecture, with a set of legal institutions and regulations on the protection of historical buildings, which provides legal support for protecting historical buildings of Tianjin. According to these regulations, the protection of these historical buildings has been formed; a list of 877 historical buildings has been acknowledged successively; a vision of 'protection first, reasonable utilization, restoration to the original, safety and application' has been formed. By the implementation of a series of regulations, the historical buildings are protected all-around and made effective use of. 11 years' practice on the protection of historical building shows that is forward-looking and practical, and is a typical example among the local this regulation legislation. Its experience and inspiration are useful and is a reference to other provinces and cities.