關於我國地方立法的若干認識問題

Several Issues on Understanding Local Legislation In China

我國地方立法權擴展至所有282個設區的市和4個不設區的地級市，凸顯地方立法與地方立法權相關理論問題研究的重要性。其中，必須充分認識到我國地方立法權的獨特性。這涉及三個問題：第一，不能在單一制的國體框架內考慮我國的地方立法問題；我國的地方立法權是來自於社會主義民主制度的設計，與中央的立法權既有聯繫又有區別；兩類立法權都是國家立法權的組成部分。第二，研究我國地方立法問題，需要我們從國家的長遠發展和國家領導體制改革的現實出發，要從領導方式改革角度宏觀把握。第三，我國地方的立法權與事權體制改革相關，隨著事權與支出責任相一致的財政體制的建立，我國地方立法的空間會有一個明顯變化。

Local legislative power has been authorized to 282 districted cities and 4 prefecture-level cities without subordinate districts, which demonstrates the importance of studying theoretical problems on local legislation and local legislative power. We should understand the peculiarity of local legislative power and it involves three issues. Firstly, we cannot consider the local legislation within the framework of unitary state system because the local legislative power originates from the design of socialist democratic system and it has both relations and differences with the central legislative power. These two legislative authorities are components of the national legislative authority. Secondly, to study problems of local legislation, we need to start from the long-term development of China and the reality of the reform in the national leadership system, and grasp the macroscopic view of the leadership style reform. Lastly, local legislative power is related to the reform in the administrative power system, and as the establishment of the financial system in which the administrative power is consistent with the expenditure responsibility, the scope for local legislation would have a significant change.