風險社會視角下的立法決策觀念轉變──以權力和權利為中心展開

The Idea Transformation of Legislative Decision-making From the Perspective of Risk － Focusing on Power and Rights

我國正處於立法轉型期，其表現是多方面的：如由立法數量轉向質量，由立法“前＂轉向立法“後＂，由立法轉向修法，等等。立法轉型潛在立法風險，需要轉變立法決策觀念：在權力上，風險社會下要實現保障人民安全和幸福的目的就需要強調權力與權力之間的合作，包括國家之內的權力合作和國家與國家之間的權力合作，從而賦予權力充足的力量；在權利上，風險社會下人民要求立法能提供更多的保護使其免受損害，強調立法決策中要重視安全的權利觀和社會保障權。治理風險是權力和權利的共同目標，因此，立法決策還應重視權利與權力合作。最後是立法決策升級換代，由強調權力的消極被動及分立和最小作為的消極意義的第一代立法決策，以及強調權力積極作為的第二代積極意義立法決策，升級到連帶意義的第二代立法決策：強調權利與權力互相依存和處於連帶之中，也強調立法決策主體與立法被動受體同處“權益共同體＂之中，力求風險社會下的互動、合作、共贏、共享。

China is m a period of legislative transition, such as the transitions from emphasizing the quantity to the quality of legislation, from 'before' legislation to 'after' legislation, from law-making to law-amending, etc. There are potential legislative risks during the legislative transition period, and it is necessary to transform the idea of legislative decision-making. Firstly, legislative decision-making should emphasize cooperation between power and power, including power cooperation within one country and among countries for the sake of security and well-being in risk society. With regard to the rights, the people in risk society require legislation to provide more protections from damages, especially emphasizing on security rights and social security rights. Secondly, risk management is the common goal of power and rights, therefore, legislative decision-making should attach importance to cooperation of rights and power. Finally, legislative decision-making should be upgraded, from the first generation of passive legislative decision-making and second generation of positive legislative decision-making to the third generation of legislative decision-making in joint meanings: emphasizing power and rights being interdependent and in the joint relationship, stressing the subject of legislative decision-making and passive receptors of legislation being in the same 'community of rights and interests', and seeking interaction, cooperation, win-win and sharing in risk society.