從“管理型＂邁向“權利保障型＂的地方立法──基於內地與澳門公共安全技術防範立法的經驗比較

The Local Legislation Towards an Age of Rights － A Comparative Research on the Mainland and Macao Legislation of Public Security Technology

在對內地與澳門公共安全技術防範立法情況進行闡述的基礎上進行比較分析發現，二者在立法路徑、權利條款可操作性等方面存在明顯差異。澳門立法注重對公民隱私權保護的具體操作性規定，走的是一條實現公民權利的“權利保障型＂立法路徑。而內地立法體現出濃郁的行政管理色彩，通過加強行政監管保護公民隱私權，走的是一條加強行政管理的“管理型＂立法路子。針對內地地方立法存在的“重管理、輕權利＂傾向以及權利保障法規條款規定不夠具體明確、可操作性不強等問題，論文提出從“管理型＂邁向“權利保障型＂，強調地方立法要注重權利保障，科學合理界定權力、權利、義務和責任之間的關係，細化法規規定的具體行為，注重司法救濟，提高法規可操作性，切實保障公民權利的實現。

Based on comparative analysis of the legislation of the Mainland and Macao on public security technology, it is found there exists significant differences in their legislative approaches concerning protecting the privacy of citizens. The Macao legislation adopts specific and operable provisions for protecting the right of privacy, which is 'the rights protection' legislative approach, to enforce the citizen rights. While the Mainland local legislation, which is 'the administration' legislative approach, has a strong administrative feature and protects citizens' privacy by strengthening administrative supervision. Concerning the problems in the Mainland local legislation, including 'emphasizing obtaining administrative power, while neglecting the limits of administrative power and the protection of citizen rights', and the lack of specific and operable provisions in terms of rights protection, this article suggests that, firstly, local legislation should be improved from 'the administration' approach to 'the rights protection' approach. Secondly, it should pay more attention to rights protection, scientifically and rationally define authorities, and specify rights, responsibilities and restrictions. Finally, it should improve the structure and language of legislation, enhance its operability, and effectively enforce the citizen rights.