問題與對策：設區的市行使立法權探析

Problems and Solutions: Analysis on Exercising the Legislative Power of the Districted City

修正後的《立法法》全面賦予了設區的市立法權，這是我國立法體制的重大調整。伴隨設區的市行使立法權工作的起步與發展，必然會面臨一系列問題，如何積極推進和保障設區的市立法權落地是一系列問題的重中之重。本文從省級與設區的市立法權限劃分切入，提出對屬於設區的市立法權限範圍內的立法事項，省級層面一般不去立法，如果確需立法，僅限於省內設區的市面臨共同的地方事務。對於設區的市提請批准的地方性法規，省級人大應當明確合法性審查的標準與範圍，具體應當包括立法權限、立法程序以及立法內容是否合法。此外，省級人大應當秉持法制統一、高效、簡便的原則，確立適合的審查批准模式。

The amended Legislation Law gives the legislative power to districted cities, and it is a major adjustment of the legislative regime. Along with the start and development of the legislative work in those districted cities, there will inevitably arise a series of problems, among which how to actively promote and ensure that the legislative power of the districted cities are carried out is of top priority. This article analyzes from the perspective of the division of legislative power between the province and districted cities, and proposes that the provincial legislature generally do not make laws regarding the legislative items subject to the legislative authority of districted cities, except that the legislative items are common affairs for those cities in the same province. As regards to the submission for approval of the local regulations, the provincial people's congress should make clear the standards and scope of the review of legality in terms of legislative authority, legislative procedure and legal content. In addition, the provincial people's congress should uphold the principle of legal unity, efficiency and succinctness, and establish a suitable mode of review and approval.