設區的市立法權限的規範分析與邏輯求證

Normative Analysis and Logic Verification of the Legislative Authority of the Districted City

認識設區的市的立法權限必須以《立法法》第72條第2款為中心而展開。基於經驗認知的“人口數量、地域面積、經濟社會發展、立法需求、立法能力＂等因素在一定程度上確實影響著地方立法的存在形式和運作過程，但有時地方的利益權衡和法治意識等因素對地方立法的調適更為直接。解讀“城鄉建設與管理、環境保護、歷史文化保護＂，不應當迷失在概念細節的琢磨推敲之中，而應當在肯定目的價值和動態變化的基礎上把握其方法，理解其含義。對待“等方面的事項＂不宜做“一刀切＂的解釋，而應當游離在“等外等＂的周圍，賦予設區的市以充分的自由裁量空間。《立法法》與《行政處罰法》《行政許可法》之間的相關規定不一致，為觀察立法權之間的衝突與調諧提供了一個典型樣本。

To understand the legislative authority of districted cities must focus on Article 72, paragraph 2 of the Legislation Law. The empirical factors such as 'population size, geographical area, economic and social development, legislative demand and legislative capacity' to certain extent influence the form and operation of local legislation, however, sometimes the factors like the balance of interests and people's awareness of rule of law more directly impact on the local legislation. When explaining the concept 'urban and rural development and administration, environmental protection, historical culture protection', we should not get lost in refining the details of the concept, but should construe it by knowing its objectives and changes. With regard to and other matters, it cannot be a 'one size fits all' explanation but should be explained flexibly to give districted cities enough discretionary space. The inconsistencies among Legislation Law, Law on Administrative Penalty, and Administrative License Law provide a typical case for studying the conflicts and solutions among different legislative authorities.