2015年度中國地方立法評析──以地方性法規為觀察對象

Evaluation and Analysis on China's Local Legislation in 2015 － An Observation on Local Laws and Regulations

2015年度享有地方立法權的各地人大及其常委會全面貫徹中央全會精神，緊緊圍繞“四個全面＂戰略佈局和本省、市工作大局，深入推進科學立法、民主立法，為發揮立法在經濟社會生活中的引領和推動作用進行了積極有效的探索和實踐。把加快立法體制機制創新，推進立法與改革決策銜接，促進社會熱點、難點和民生問題解決作為立法工作的重心，重點開展生態環境保護、社會安全、權益保障、法治政府建設等方面的法規制定活動，取得較大成績。總體來看，地方人大立法各具特色和亮點，同時也存在一些問題與不足，譬如行政機關主導地方立法現象依然存在；立法的地方特色有待進一步增強；立法信息公開和社會參與不夠；區域立法合作相對較少；創新性立法仍顯不足。展望未來，我國地方立法應在強化人大立法主導、加快立法體制機制創新、增強立法的地方特色、推進立法能力提升和加強人員隊伍建設等方面有新的突破和發展。

In 2015, the local People's Congresses and their standing committees which enjoy the local legislative power fully implement the spirit of the plenary session of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and closely follow the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy and the overall work of the province and the city, and further promote scientific legislation, democratic legislation to make positive and effective exploration and practice on the leading and promoting roles of legislation in economic and social lives. It attaches great importance on accelerating the innovation of legislative system and mechanism, stimulating the convergence of legislation and reform policy, as well as promoting social hotspots, difficulties and livelihood issues as the focus of legislative work, focusing on the formulation of law and regulation on ecological environment protection, social security, rights protection, and law-based government constructions, and has achieved encouraging grades accordingly. In general, local People's Congresses have their own characteristics and highlights, and there are also some problems and shortcomings, such as the administrative institutions dominating the local legislation still exists; the characteristics of local legislation needs to be further enhanced; legislative information disclosure and social participation is not enough; legislation cooperation among districts is relatively few; and innovative legislation is still insufficient. Looking forward to the future, China's local legislation should make new breakthroughs and development in strengthening legislation-led of the People's Congress, speeding up the innovation of legislative system, strengthening the local characteristics of legislation, promoting the legislative capacity and strengthening the construction of personnel.