地方城市人大法工委立法工作運行機制改革

On the Reform of the Operating Mechanism of the Legislative Affairs Commission at the Municipal Level

地方城市人大法工委是其常委會的工作部門，在立法工作中作用舉足輕重。因所面臨的地方政治場域以及現實的立法要求，其在實踐中需仰賴一套怎樣的運行機制還有待探索。在黨的十八屆四中全會提出全面推進依法治國的大背景下，《立法法》已就相關問題進行修改。通過對地方城市人大法工委運行機制的規範梳理與實證分析，可以發現其存在民眾參與程度有限、立法部門化現象嚴重、科學立法程度不高、立法實用性不足以及對規範性文件備案工作重視程度不夠等問題。因此，未來應當進一步增強立法參與主體的廣泛性，完善民眾立法意見的回饋機制與信息通道。對於技術性較強的立法，應當儘量適用第二方機構的起草機制，同時明確政府部門在立法起草中的釋明義務。另外，應當豐富專家參與立法的類型，調整專家參與立法的時段，提升立法科學化程度；最後，立法應當針對地方實際，避免重複、照抄上位法，確保立法的地方實用性。

Legislative Affairs Commission of municipal level, as an administrative department of its Standing Committee of the People's Congress, plays a vital role in the legislation. In the light of the local political circumstance and the specific requirement of legislation, it is necessary to explore a reliable operating mechanism of the Commission on the basis of practical work. Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of CPC, the central government has been promoting the rule of law nationwide, and Legislation Law has been amended on relevant issues. Through empirical analysis and strict inspection of the active operating mechanism of local Legislative Affairs Commission, we found problems such as limited public participation, legislative departmentalization, low degree of scientific legislation, impractical legislation and negligence of the record of some normative documents. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the participation of relevant legislative participants and to optimize the feedback system and information channel of public advice and opinions on legislation in the future. For laws that are highly professional and technical, it is better to consult from a third party and in the meanwhile the governmental institutions should clarify its obligation of explanation during the drafting procedures of law. In addition, in order to realize a scientific legislation the experts participating in the legislation should be diversified, and the period when the experts get involved in the legislation should be adjusted. Finally, the legislation should aim at solving practical problems, avoid repetitive legislation and stop copying upper-level laws to guarantee the local practicability of law-making.