中國地方立法的現實與轉型

The Reality and Transition of Local Legislation in China

對中國地方立法現狀的判斷，需要透過不斷上升的數字表像，深入地方立法的實際樣態進行剖析。經由對比地方立法在規範上應有的法律地位和具體呈現的社會效果，才能描繪中國地方立法的真實圖景，揭示當下地方立法面臨的主要問題及其癥結所在。規範分析顯示，地方立法具有重要的法源地位，且應在構建當地完善的法治秩序和保障中央立法在當地的有效實施方面發揮更主要的規範作用。實證調查發現，地方立法對行政與司法的影響力，並不完全吻合預期，而是受制於地方立法的特色化程度。文本對比揭示，中國地方立法複製中央立法的痕跡依然深重，各地立法同質化依舊明顯。欲實現應有之規範實效，應促使地方立法回歸統一國家立法權下的地方立法權之定位，並從精准化的問題導向、精幹化的立法框架、精細化的方案設計入手，建構中國特色地方立法機制，以適應法治中國建設的歷史性機遇。

The objective assessment of current situation of local legislation in China depends on the deep analysis of the actual state of local legislation, instead of focusing on the rising number of local regulations. The real picture of local legislation in China can be revealed through the comparison of due legal status of local legislation and its real effect in practice, which is also the approach to find the current difficulties of local legislation and their causes. Normative analysis shows local legislation is one of the important sources of law and should regulate most local affairs. However, the impact on administrative actions and judicial judgments of local legislation doesn't match theoretical expectation from empirical investigation. Text analysis shows there are obvious evidences that the local legislation copies central legislation. To improve the actual effect of local legislation, a China-featured local legislative system should be built, which is designed as local legislation under the unified state legislation, and has accurate problem-based orientation, compact legislative framework, and refined legislative provisions.