地方立法權與國家治理體系和治理能力建設

Local Legislative Power and the Construction of National Governance System and Capacity

國家治理體系和治理能力現代化是全面深化改革的總目標，而法律制度的完善及其實施構成國家治理體系和治理能力的核心內容和重要依託。改革開放以來，我國的地方立法權從無到有，立法主體從少到多，發生了很多變化。這個變化與我國現代化建設的進程同步，其實質是國家治理方式的變化。地方立法權的發展體現了國家治理的新需求。運應了民主政治發展的需求、新的歷史條件下市場經濟發展的需求以及社會經濟文化發展和環境保護的新需求，立法是國家重要的政治活動，《立法法》的修改明確了設區的市的立法權，是對國家中央和地方立法權限的重新分配。用好地方立法權，有利於推進社會主義民主的制度化、法治化，促進依法治國基本方略的貫徹實施，增強解決相關地方發展和地方治理的制度共識。國家治理體系和治理能力建設是一個系統工程，中國特色社會主義法律體革的不斷完善及其在社會生活中的實施是其主體框架，而在國家治理體系和治理能力的建設中，地方立法應該而且能夠作出更大的貢獻。

The modernization of national governance system and capacity are the overall goal of deepening the reform comprehensively, while the perfection of the legal system and its implementation of legal system constitute the core content and important support of national governance system and capacity. Great changes have taken place since reform and opening up that the local legislative power of China has grown from scratch, and the local legislative bodies have been expanding. These changes, the essence of which are the change of national governance, happened in parallel with the process of modernization of our country. The development of local legislative power reflects the new demand of national governance, and the gradual expansion of local legislative power meets the needs of the development of democratic politics, the demands of market economy development in the new historical condition and the new demand of social economy, culture and environmental protection. Legislation is an important political activity. The amendment of Legislation Law clearly defines the legislative power of the cities with subordinate districts, which redistribute the legislative power of central and local government. Making good use of local legislative power is helpful in advancing the institutionalization and legalization of socialist democracy, promoting the implementation of the basic strategy of rule of law and strengthening consensus on system addressing local reform, development and local governance. The construction of national governance system and capacity is a systematic project, and it is the constant improvement and implementation in social life of socialist legal systems with Chinese characteristics. Local legislation should and could make a great contribution in the process of construction of national governance systems and capacity.