客運駕駛員工作壓力模式之研究──以壓力因應策略為調節變項

A Study on the Model of the Job Stress Model of Bus Drivers: Taking Stress Coping Strategies as Moderating Variable

本研究旨在探討客運駕駛員工作壓力來源與壓力反應之關係，並以壓力因應策略為調節變項，探討壓力因應策略對工作壓力來源與壓力反應兩者間之影響。研究方法採文獻分析法與問卷調查法，以客運駕駛員為施測對象，並採便利抽樣方式，發出問卷300份，經由篩選及剔除無效問卷後，共獲得有效問卷為262份，有效問卷回收率為87.33%。本研究結果歸納有二項，第一、客運駕駛員工作壓力來源對壓力反應具有預測作用。壓力反應包括：工作滿意度、心理健康、身體健康三個構面。就「工作滿意度」而言，最有效的預測因子依序為「薪資獎金」、「人際關係」、「組織結構與氣氛」；就「心理健康」而言，最有效的預測因子為「家庭與工作互動」；就「身體健康」而言，最有效的預測因子依序為「薪資獎金」、「家庭與工作互動」。第二、在壓力因應策略的調節效果方面，壓力因應策略對於「薪資獎金」與「工作滿意度」的影響具有顯著的正向調節效果。亦即，當客運駕駛員愈懂得使用壓力因應策略時，在薪資獎金與工作滿意度的關係上，會有增強的現象。最後，本研究結果，將提出具體建議，以供主管機關、客運業者之參考。

This study aims at exploring the relationship between job stress source and stress reaction of bus drivers, figuring out the influence of stress coping strategies on job stress source and stress reaction. This study adopts documentary analysis and questionnaire survey as research methods and takes bus drivers as objectives. It utilizes convenience sampling, issuing 300 questionnaires. After filtering and deleting invalid ones, there are 262 valid questionnaires. The effective questionnaire return rate is 87.33%. The research tool is self-made “Job stress source and stress reaction of bus drivers Questionnaire” which includes three measuring scales: “job stress source measuring scale”, “stress reaction measuring scale” and “stress coping strategies measuring scale” which has fine reliability and validity. The statistical methods include frequency distribution and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, hierarchical regression analysis, etc. Research results are concluded as follows: 1. Job stress source of bus drivers has prediction effect for stress reaction. Stress reaction includes three dimensions: job satisfaction, mental health and physical health. For “job satisfaction”, the most effective predictors are sequentially “paycheck and bonus”, “interpersonal relationship” and “organization structure and atmosphere”; for “mental health”, the most effective predictor is “interaction between family and job”; for “physical health”, the most effective predictors are sequentially “paycheck and bonus” and “interaction between family and job.” 2. For the moderating effect of stress coping strategies, stress coping strategies have significant positive moderating effect on the influence of “paycheck and bonus” and “job satisfaction”. That is, when bus drivers adopt stress coping strategies, it can enhance the relationship of paycheck and bonus and job satisfaction. Finally, according to the research results, this study proposes some concrete suggestions for the reference of relevant authorities and bus operators.