容量限制下軸輻港埠運輸之研究

The Analysis of Two-Port Shuttle Routing transportation under the capacity constraints

全球經濟起伏會影響貨櫃運輸量的多寡，海上船舶數量及規模逐漸增加，航商在考慮港埠需求及供給的變動下，往往優先以降低成本為首要考量，以致忽略了船舶及船員可能發生危險的事實。因此許多海事國際組織愈趨重視海上船舶航行安全，但現今航商多規劃迴圈式航線收集貨物，使船舶時常變換航向、航道，增加船舶碰撞的機率。因此本研究採用較安全且運送時間較短的樞紐－－輻射式模式來規劃航線，再加上航道上船舶的容量限制，規劃出兼具船員安全及降低成本的近洋航線。本研究假定航商於亞洲地區規劃近洋航線，選定了9個集貨港、4個候選軸心港。候選軸心港皆為目前全球港埠排名的前20名港口，再以樞紐－－輻射式模式，加上各條航道容量限制，於港埠需求及供給量隨全球景氣的變動下，利用時間成本最小值、運送成本最小值或兩成本介於最大值與最小值之間，因每位航商所重視的成本皆不相同，所以本研究列出以上三種結果，讓航商有選擇的空間，來觀察軸心港的選擇是否會受港埠供需變動的影響而改變，以作為航商規劃航線之參考。

The container transportation always base on fluctuating of global economy. Considering demand and supply of harbors, shipping companies usually focus on lowering cost firstly, and usually neglect the accident risk of the crew. With the growth of amount and ships scale, the navigation safety becomes an important issue for the international maritime organizations. But recently, most of shipping companies develop the loop-type liner shipping to transport goods, and ships usually change their courses, which increase the risk of ship crashing. Therefore, we use a two-port shuttle routing model which is safer and takes lesser transport time. Additionally, we consider the constraint of capacity to improve the liner shipping safety and cost. This study chooses nine feeder ports and four candidate hub ports. All of the candidate hub ports are top 20 of the port worldwide. We use a two-port shuttle routing model and consider the constraint of capacity of liner shipping, to minimize the time cost, transportation cost, or the cost between maximize and minimize. Because shipping companies have different concern, the study shows the three different situations. Finally, we observe whether the selection of hub port would be affected by the change of the harbors’ supplying and demanding. The output indeed as a reference for shipping companies planning the route.