主管不當督導對部屬的工作壓力與工作倦怠影響之研究－－以空軍司令部勤務中隊為對象

The Effects of Abusive Supervision on Subordinates' Job Stress and Burnout―A Survey in Air Command Squadron Duty, ROC Air Force Command

軍隊適當的督導與管理原本就是一門的藝術，關鍵在於主管是否多用一點心體會與學習。陸軍下士洪仲丘關禁閉枉死一案，给與我們一個莫大的教訓，督導管理應該是全面透明化、人性化，從內心發出教育的方式去進行。所以，領導者的督導對部屬的影響力漸漸成為研究的議題。本研究擬提出「主管不當督導對部屬的工作壓力與工作倦怠影響之研究—以空軍司令部勤務中隊為對象」的研究主題，探討上述問題，並期達到下列之目的，以提供軍中管理者及士官兵之參考。本研究以空軍司令部勤務中隊同仁官兵為研究對象，總計發出250份問卷，回收250份，均為有效問卷。經統計套裝軟體SPSS，透過敘述性統計分析、相關分析及迴歸等分析，檢定各研究假設，結果發現：（1）空軍司令部勤務中隊同仁在工作倦怠構面以「情緒耗竭」的認知最高；（2）空軍司令部勤務中隊主管不當督導會對部屬的工作壓力產生顯著正相關；（3）空軍司令部勤務中隊部屬的工作壓力與工作倦怠有顯著的正相關；（4）空軍司令部勤務中隊主管不當督導會對部屬的工作倦怠產生顯著正相關；（5）部屬的工作壓力具有顯著的中介效果。依據上述的調查結果，本研究擬提出三大方向的具體建議供管理階層參考：（一）落實知官識兵，妥善官兵照顧：1.建立溝通管道，扭轉刻板印象；2.管控個人情緒，營造和諧氣氛；（二）調適工作壓力，激勵工作效率：1.培養自我壓力調適能力；2.貫徹休假制度，力行運動風氣；（三）正視倦怠來源，創造自己工作價值：1.強化有感領導，消弭潛在問題；2.暢通溝通管道，確保部屬權益；3.培養專業知能，有效解決問題。

Proper supervision and management in the armed forces is an art. The key is superior’s experience and learning motivates; however, this is not a simple issue. In the recent years, the ROC Ministry of National Defense(MND) focuses on the military reform, the recruiting policy, and the welfare. By all those efforts, the MND wishes more talented people could join the military, stay longer and strengthen the national hard power. Last year (2013), the ROC Army suffered the incident of soldier’s death. The incident gives us a great lesson. The superior‘s management should be fully transparent, humane, and issued by the code of conduct. Therefore, the way of supervisions gradually becomes a significant issue. This thesis intends to find the result as following: (1) Burnout dimensions of 'emotional exhaustion' in the service squadron; (2) The positive correlation between Abusive supervision and pressure; (3) The positive correlation between stress and burnout; (4) The positive correlation between improper supervision and burnout; (5) subordinate’s stress has a significant mediating effect. In this thesis, 250 questionnaires were distributed and all of them are valid. The data is analyzed by The SPSS. This thesis found the following results: (1) In attitude aspect, service is better than command; (2) Establish the communication channels and reverse stereotypes; (3) Control personal emotions, create a harmonious atmosphere; (4) follow the current trend of culture, strengthen the character education; (5)Optimize the working environment to enhance the centripetal forces; (6) Encourage self studies, strengthening the vocational training; (7) Develop self-coping skills; (8) Create the solid leave system and sports atmosphere; (9) Strengthen the leadership and diminish the potential problems.