成人的童話世界──武俠小說的「本體論」

A Study of Fairy Tales for Adults - the Ontology of Wuxia Martial Arts Novels

武俠小說向來被比喻為「成人」童話，從童話所須具備的「兒童、故事、幻想、趣味」四要素而言，武俠小說除了「兒童」外，基本上完全吻合。但因其為成人所構築且為成人所遨遊的國度，故可以目為「成人童話」。成人也是需要童話的，武俠小說就在這個需要中應運而生，提供了一個想像的、虛構的、有趣的、理想的，而且是由成人自己創造的「成人童話」，這是武俠小說的「本體」。但成人構築這個世界，取徑與兒童大異。以「成人童話」為本體的武俠小說，簡化了社會脈絡、弱化了法律、強調了道德的理想性，在遙遠的古代建構了一個超越現實而又不離現實的、虛構想像的江湖世界；因而具備了桃源暫遊、化有限為無限、代償志業、舒洩忿懣、滌清暴戾之氣以及傳承古代文化的諸多功能。只是，如此的世界，還可更進一步的與現實作結合，從人性的角度出發，與以更深入的摹寫，體用兼備，使這個世界更具意義。

Wuxia martial arts novels are commonly known as fairy tales for adults. The four elements of tales “children, stories, fancy, interesting”, besides “children”, basically co-exist in the wuxia martial arts novel. It was written for mature readers and the imaginary space was also created for adults, so it is reasonable be regarded as fairy tales for adults. Adults also needs fairy tales. Need creates demand and wuxia martial arts novels appear. It offers a fancy, fictional, interesting, ideal, and fairylands created by adults themselves. These are the essence of wuxia martial arts novels. The process of the establishment of adult fairy tales is different from that of children fairy tales. Based on adult fairy tales, wuxia martial arts novels simplified the social contractual relationship, weakened the law enforcement, and magnified the ethical ideology. The jiang hu martial arts world set in a fancy, surrealistic ancient time was not truly unrealistic. Thus it functions for retreat, recreation, compensation, free from worry, purification and nostalgic purpose. Nevertheless the created wuxia world needs to further combine with the real life. Depicting the humanity, investigating the ideology and practices of wuxia deeply, the fairy tales for adults will be more meaningful.