「以追憶肯認現時」──論陸游追憶遠遊詩歌的自傳意涵

On Autobiographic Meaning in Lu You’s 陸游Poems Regarding Travel Memories in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Area

陸游對於川陝生活的懷念，是他詩歌中的重要主題。以往的研究聚焦於懷念的內容、追憶與當時作品的異同。然而，陸游為何終其一生皆矻矻於追憶遠遊的原因卻未被討論。本文嘗試以「每一次的追憶都是再一次地檢視目前的生活」為視角，重新歸納、分析此類詩歌，而得到以下結論：詩人藉著追憶遠遊來肯定現時生活的美好、接受現時生活的微瑕，甚至拈出哲理以圓滿人生。由是，回憶過往成為努力活在當下的資糧，也創造出一種新穎的自我傳寫模式。這不僅有別於一般對中國古典文學中追憶作品之刻板印象，也能調和以放翁詩分愛國與自然而彼此互不涵攝的看法。

Remembrances of the Sichuan-Shaanxi area are an important theme in Lu You’s 陸游 poetry. To date, most research on this feature of his poetry has focused on the content of those memories and the contrasts between his recollections and the actual conditions of the time without considering why it was that Lu You consistently returned to memories of travel in that region in his works. This article takes a new look at this type of poetry by treating remembrances as a reflection on the present. It concludes that the poet uses these memories of a distant journey to not only affirm the good to be found in the moment at hand, but also to accept flaws, and even philosophize on how to lead a fulfilling life. In this way, remembering the past becomes a way of living vigorously in the present, at the same time as creating a new form of writing about the self. This understanding of Lu You’s writing not only differs considerably from the received stereotypes about works of remembrance in classical Chinese literature, but also acts as a corrective to the view that Lu You’s patriotic and naturalistic poems are fundamentally unrelated.