中古漢譯佛經和敦煌變文中由「於」引出的賓語小句

On the Objective Complement Clause Introduced by Yu 於 in Translated Chinese Buddhist Sutras and Dunhuang Bianwen 敦煌變文

在中古漢譯佛經以及深受漢譯佛經語言影響的晚唐五代的敦煌變文中，介詞「於」有時可以位於主句的動詞和賓語小句之間，起到類似於英語中標補詞 that 的作用。本文認為，中古漢譯佛經和敦煌變文中的標補詞「於」的產生與語言的接觸有關，雖然這個語法成分在具體借用機制上與漢語史上其他類型的外借成分有相似之處（借用之前最初的意義與被借用的意義類似），但後者通常是直接借用，而前者是在借用賓格標記的基礎上的進一步蛻變。值得注意的是，由於標補詞「於」與漢語的固有語法系統不相容，因而產生後很快退出歷史舞臺。

This article examines the complementizer ‘Yu’ in translated Chinese Buddhist sutras. Evidence shows that the complementizer ‘Yu’ came into being during the Medieval period. While it did not derive directly from Sanskrit or Pali, the complementizer ‘Yu’ did develop from the objective marker ‘Yu’ used in translated Chinese Buddhist sutras. However, due to its unsuitability to the mechanisms of Chinese grammar, the complementizer ‘Yu’ disappeared after the Tang and Five Dynasties.