越南「後賢碑」初探──以兩種特殊的後賢類型為例

Exploration on Vietnamese ＂Hou-xian Stele＂-Two special Hou-xian types

越南《漢喃銘文拓片總集》有不少的後賢碑銘，為中國先賢祠祀影響下的越南立後文化現象。所謂的「後賢」，指的是立於先賢神位後方的受祭者，為與先賢相對應的祭祀對象。其中家族合祀和女性人物這兩種後賢碑類型，與中國先賢奉祀對象截然不同，呈現出別具特色的越南立後風俗。透過這兩類後賢例證的規則條理與特徵歸納，分析越南後賢奉祀的薦享意義，以為越南後賢碑銘之初步研究。首先以碑銘豎立的場域性質、相關人員的身份地位、施行儀式的程序細節等，作為後賢奉祀的背景建構。再者，分析家族合祀和女性人物這兩種後賢殊例的拓片內容，藉由捐貲金額、立供原由、祭祀約定等項目的觀察，與其它後碑之間的異同比較，呈現越南立後現象的地方風俗。其奉祀用語與祠祭語彙上的容受轉換，以及從先賢到後賢的祠祀現象，確為中越文化影響脈絡之具體印證。

Hou-xian steles in ＂Corpus des inscriptions anciennes du Vietnam＂ are considered as cultural phenomenon under the influence of Chinese ancestor worship. ＂Hou-xian＂ refer to the sacrifice at the back of Xian-xian. Two particular types, family sacrifice and women figures are different from Chinese ancestor worship. Through the exploration of those two types, the meaning of Vietnamese Hou-xian is analyzed. We first start with steles' location, related members' status and procedures of ritual details. Then the content of the two types are compared in amounts of donations and reasons of worship. The worship lexicons can reflect the Chinese and Vietnamese cultural influence.