清代前期「論詞長短句」論李煜及其作品探析

The Analysis of Li Yu and the Works of Li Yu in Early Qing Ci-Comment Changduanju

「論詞長短句」係以韻文形式進行評論，與「論詞絕句」所屬同宗，均為詞學重要文獻，值得研究。今翻檢《全清詞．順康卷》、《全清詞．順康卷補編》、《全清詞．雍乾卷》與《清代詩文集彙編》，可得清代前期涵蓋順治、康熙、雍正、乾隆四朝一百五十餘年間論詞長短句，約437家，1099首作品，為後人留得豐碩之詞學資料。本文即從千首論詞長短句中選取以南唐詞人李煜為討論主題者。評李煜六闋長短句之論者包括余光耿、焦袁熹、盛本柟、田同之、吳鎮、張九鉞等，其中焦袁熹、盛本柟透過才子詞人變為亡國人君歷程立論，援引陳叔寶、劉禪等人比附，聚焦治國無方，掩蓋李煜詞應有地位；吳鎮標舉李煜後期詞風「悽惋」，余光耿點出前期婉麗風格，兩人均感嘆亡國後詞作之哀淒；田同之藉李煜故實起興、張九鉞就其僧像立說，將心比心，同情後主遭遇，並標舉其人物性格。透過論詞長短句評李煜及其作品，可略窺清代前期對於李煜及其詞之評價。

＂Ci-Comment Changduanju＂ is the important literature of Ci, which is worth studying. From ＂Quan Qing Ci Poems＂ and ＂Qing Dynasty poetry anthology compilation＂ , we got the 1107 Words Ci-Comment Changduanju. This article selected those studies which was related with Li Yu. The comments of Li Yu' six Ci works were written by Xu Guang-Geng, Jiao Yuan Xi, Cheng Ben-Nan, Tian Tong-Zhi, Wu Zhen and Zhang Jiu-Yue. Some of them focused on the imperial identity of Li Yu and took Chen Shu-BAO, Liu Chan to compare with him. Some of them studied and showed that the characteristic style of Li Yu's works were different between early stage and later period. Other people talked about the story of Li Yu, and sympathized with his experience. Through these works of Ci, thus we can find out how the people in the Qing Dynasty evaluated Li Yu.