臺灣道教宗派運用之〈步虛詞〉及其意涵探析

The Study of the 'Buxu Poems' Used in Taiwan Taoism Sect. and Its Implication

〈步虛詞〉為道教文學中配樂演唱之一體，淵源於六朝時期的南方宗派－靈寶派。自六朝而至唐、宋，皆有題為〈步虛詞〉之作品留存。然而，歷來對步虛詞所作的前行研究，多以六朝道教宗派或北周庾信（513－581）、唐代吳筠（？－778）等文人、羽士之作品進行分析，而在近世以後被廣泛接受的宋徽宗趙佶（1082－1135）所作十首〈步虛詞〉，以及〈步虛詞〉在當代社會的運用情形，則鮮有加以討論者。本文以靈寶派、正一嗣壇、斗堂及太乙玄宗等臺灣道教宗派於齋醮科儀運用的科書作為分析對象，透過文獻研究法，先稽考「步虛」之起源與宋代以前的〈步虛詞〉，進而對臺灣道教宗派的齋醮科書所載〈步虛詞〉進行考證與分析。透過本文的研究成果，吾人當可確知，這些臺灣道教宗派運用的〈步虛詞〉，具備「六朝古體」、「唐宋近體」與「近人新創」三種類型，具備豐沛的生命力，可以稱為與時俱進的道教文學。

Buxu poems is a type of Taoism literature that sing in rites. Buxu poems started in Lingbao, the Taoism Sect. at south China in Six Dynasty. We can find lots of Buxu poems written during Six Dynasty to Song Dynasty. However, the study of Buxu poems mostly concerned about two aspects of the Taoism Sect. in Six Dynasty and Yu Xin (513-581), Wu Yun (?-778), the two Buxu poems authors. There are little attention to contemporary the Buxu poems used in modern Taiwan Taoism Sects. This article analysis the Buxu poems used in the ritual books of modern Taiwan Taoism Sects. First, research the origin of Buxu poems. Second, analyze the Buxu poems written in the ritual books of modern Taiwan Taoism Sects. By this research, we can know the three types ”Origin Poetry of Six Dynasty”, ”Recent Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasty” and ”written in Qing Dynasty and R.O.C” of the Buxu poems used in modern Taiwan Taoism Sects. And we can call the Buxu poems as an advancing Taoism literature.