論男子選評女性詩作的得與失－－從《閨秀詩評》到《名媛詩歸》的觀察

The Different Images of Females Presented in 'Gui Xiou Shi Ping' and 'Ming Yuan Shi Gui'

中國最早的女性詩話，出於晚明公安竟陵兩派成員之手：而他們之所以選評女性詩作，與當時注重個人才情，厭惡模擬應酬的時代風潮有關。男性編者希望以女詩為例，宣揚追求「真詩」的理念，在定位詩史中的女性時，卻不免為自身性別角色所拘限；那麼，他們對女詩人生命歷程和作品內容的解釋，究竟有著怎樣的限制和價值？本文將根據明末最早的兩本女性詩話，即《閨秀詩評》及《名媛詩歸》的編纂立場、生平紀錄和文本解讀，闡述男性編者編纂、論述女詩的種種得失；而二書承繼《本事詩》的體例，也見於《名媛詩緯》、《國朝閨秀正史集》等後起之作，其形式或內容展現出為女性自編詩話鋪墊的詩史意義，因此尤有討論的價值。

In late Ming Dynasty, before the female poetry reviews (female Shi Hua) written by female reviewers were published, it was the male reviewers who first paid attention to female poets, considered them examples of writers of pure emotions, related their works to the tradition of Shi (《詩》), and started to publish books exclusively about them.However, in ”Gui Xiou Shi Ping” (《閨秀詩評》), most of the female poets were characterized in a flat manner. Some romantics were hidden, and the their lives seem incomplete. Comparatively speaking, lives of women poets in ”Ming Yuan Shi Gui” (《名媛詩歸》), which were also written by a male reviewer, give us more unabridged images of the poets. The author did not evade discussing the affairs of the poets or the stories about how women's poems changed their lives. In this paper, I would show such a process that occurred before the female reviewers set foot in the field.