以山水體道－－從冥契觀點考察現代學者詩人的山水經驗

Enlightenment from Landscape: To Realize the Truth of Landscape Experience Inspecting the Landscape Experience of Scholar-Poet from Mystical Point

宗教性體驗是通過種族、文化、信仰的冥契體悟。在西方，是人類直接感知上帝的途徑；在東方，人藉此與道合而為一，達到物我渾然不分的境界。而自然山水，不僅是個人美學感知的客體，亦可作為歷史意識的載體，透過宗教經驗的媒介，使其三位一體，讓「山水」的意義更趨豐富多元。時序至今，這樣的狀況到了二十世紀的台灣，更滲入了自西方而來的現代感／性。現代詩人所面對的不僅是多元文化的衝擊，也是自我處境的問題。個人成為了文化複合的矛盾體。至於所謂的學者詩人（scholar-poet）似乎也是個矛盾的名詞：學者有偏向理性思考，對於傳統多有專攻，常在學術殿堂中自得其樂，有不事外務的傾向，詩人卻往往反是。故以「冥契」（Mystical）的概念來統攝東西宗教性經驗所指稱的諸多意涵，將其超越宗教情懷或隱而不顯的經驗歸於冥契哲學的範疇，旨在探索學者詩人在現代文明驅逐自然之後，如何面對對那活潑潑生機盎然的世界？其中眷戀不捨、激昂澎湃的詩詞，如何表現出內心的糾結與矛盾，從而對家國、理想、信仰乃至人生提出甚麼樣的反思？詩人自身的生命歷程、歷史的情境與宗教的體驗，又是如何讓學者／詩人看似矛盾的身分，在面對大自然界時，將自我意識與自然脈動融合為一？這些都是有待釐清的論題。

The experience of religion is a mystical understanding which come across race, culture and belief. In the western, people approach the Godness directly by themselve; however, in the eastern, people reach to the level of becoming a part of nature through the mysticism. In here, the meaning of landscape is not only one kind of esthetic object, but also mean a carrier of history and the intermedia of religion experience. The trinity relationship enrich the diversity of ”Landscape”.During the 20th centery, this tendency in Taiwan was combined with perceptual modernism from the weasten. Modern poets not only face the impact of culture but also have to deal with issues of existence of self-consciousness. Therefore, individuals becoming contradictions from multi-cultural. As for the scholar-poet, it seems to be the term of contradiction: scholar usually tend to be more rational; specialize in tradition research system and find pleasure in it; however neither of the tends are included in poets.In the following discussion, this article attempts to explain the concepts of mystical both from western and eastern by misticalism while intend to classify those experience which are beyond the religion feeling or mistical into the misticalism. How to face the world with renewed vitality after scholar poets expel the nature due to survive in the modern culture? How to express inside conflictions and offering introspection to the nation, belief, and emotion by those feeling show from poems. Other then the poets themselve' life experience, historical background and experience from religion, what make those poets can deal with these two contradictory identities and combine their consciousness with the motion within the nature all together? All of the above are the issues which will need to be answered.