校園縱火防制策略－－以高雄市國民小學為例

Campus arson prevention strategies for elementary school in Kaohsiung

「琅琅吟誦聲，祝融莫近身」，近年來校園火警案件時有所聞，且有逐年增加趨勢，幾乎沒有學校能免除被縱火的威脅。根據教育部公布近5年（2008-2012年）校園安全維護事件類別分析資料，發現校內、外火警在各級學制【含幼兒園、國小、國中、高中（職）及大學等】均以國小發生次數最多，顯示因校數較多、分散較廣，或地處偏遠及經費、人力不足等問題，造成校園安全維護措施較為薄弱，值得教育、警政、消防等單位重視。本研究針對最易發生校園縱火之國民小學進行分析，研究前期參酌英國、日本、美國與澳洲等國校園縱火防制對策，再藉由內政部消防署登錄之火警資料庫，查詢高雄市（含原高雄縣）自2008至2014年間校園火警案件共計88件，其中人為縱火22件（占25％），探討其縱火時段、處所、對象及手法；研究中期挑選高市曾發生縱火案件之國民小學，邀請師長、社區里長及專家學者共6位進行半結構式深度質性訪談，探討該縱火案之保護及危險因子，記錄受訪者面對縱火的心路歷程，撰寫逐字稿進行資料分析；研究後期整合上述國外校園縱火防制經驗、高市校園縱火類型分析及訪談結果，提出具體有效的縱火防制對策，冀望學校與社區緊密合作，減少校園死角與財物損失，確保教職員工、在校學生及社區里民的安全。

In recent years, campus fire cases often were heard in our society, and there is a rising trend. No school can prevent from the threat of arson. According to campus security analysis data of Ministry of Education in the past five years (2008-2012), the highest number of elementary schools were occurred including the school system at all levels (ex. kindergarten, elementary school, junior high school, and universities), showed elementary schools were more dispersed wider or remoteness, and be lack of manpower. It resulted in the weak and inadequate maintenance measures in campus security. Education, police, fire department and other relevant units should emphasis the issues.This study conducted a systematic analysis of elementary school campus. The first step consulted the campus arson prevention measures of United Kingdom, Japan, Australia and the United States, and then log on the National Fire Agency databases. There were 88 campus fire cases in Kaohsiung (including formerKaohsiung County) from 2008 to 2014 (7 years), including 22 arson cases (25%). It further investigated the arson periods, places, objects and practices, etc. The second step selected elementary schools which had occurred arson case in Kaohsiung, and invited six teachers, community and experts and scholars to implement semi-structured depth qualitative interviews in order to explore the characteristics by arson (including people, things, times, places, etc.), arson protection and risk factors, staff (including students) dealing with cases of arson and the viewpoints of the residents and other neighboring communities. Interview transcripts were written, and collecting and analyzing the data. The third step tried to integrate the foreign countries’ brand-new campus fire prevention measures, in-depth interviews analysis results to make concrete, effective and viable arson prevention measures in elementary schools. The research expected to connect campus and community in order to reduce campus damages and property losses, and improved the safety managements of staffs, students and community residents.