生活壓力和同儕支持對青少年偏差行為之影響：現實與網路支持效果之分析

The Effects of Life Stress and Peer Support on Youth’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Examining the Differences between Offline and Online Peer Support

本研究探討生活壓力對於青少年偏差行為之影響，並檢視同儕支持在此關係當中的直接及緩衝效果。由於現今青少年網路人際互動日益普及，本研究進一步區分現實同儕支持與網路同儕支持，分別檢視其作用。調查樣本為台北市國高中職16所學校共30個班級學生，以集體問卷施測方式收集資料，回收有效問卷為1081份。問卷資料透過性別分組的階層迴歸模型進行分析。結果顯示，雖然網路與現實同儕支持相互重疊，但是網路同儕支持與現實同儕支持對於青少年生活壓力與偏差行為之關係具不同的直接或緩衝效果，並存在性別差異。現實同儕支持較高之女學生其內向性偏差行為較低，支持直接效果模式。另外現實同儕支持也能降低生活壓力對女學生內向性偏差行為的影響力，支持緩衝效果模式，但是過多或過少的現實同儕支持反而會降低其緩衝效果。另一方面，現實同儕支持則與男學生的內外向性偏差行為及女學生的外向性偏差行為無顯著關聯。此外，網路同儕支持反而與男學生的外向性偏差行為以及女學生的內、外向性偏差行為呈正向關聯。本文最後討論了上述研究發現的實務與政策意義。

This study explored the impact of life stress on youth’s internalizing and externalizing problems. It also examined the direct effect and buffering effect of peer support on this association. Given the prevalence of online social interaction among today’s youth, this study differentiated online peer support from offline support and evaluated their effects separately. The sample consisted of 1,081 students from 16 local schools (junior high, senior high and vocational) in Taipei City. Data were collected through group-administered surveys. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted on male and female respondents separately. Although there was overlap between online and offline peer support, the effect of offline support was found different from online support. Female students with higher offline peer support were found to report lower internalizing problems, which supported the direct-effect model. However, offline peer support had no significant effect on female students’ externalizing problems and male students’ internalizing and externalizing problems. In addition, online peer support was positively associated with male students’ externalizing problems and female students’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Finally, this study showed that offline peer support buffered the influence of life stress on female students’ internalizing problems. However, such a buffering effect became weaker when the offline peer support was too much or too little. The Implications of these findings for practice and policy were discussed.