引起注意型霸凌行為的形成與戒除歷程探究

The Forming and Abstinence Process of Bullies Conducts Which Aimed at Calling Attention

最近幾年數件嚴重的霸凌事件，使得媒體與教育主管單位開始關注霸凌議題，相關領域的專家學者也試圖找出解決之道；相形之下，目前對於霸凌行為的形塑與戒除之實徵研究與解釋仍頗為缺乏，亟需補強。此外，霸凌行為的內涵具有相當大的異質性，故而學者常予以分類；這意味著不同類型的霸凌者可能有不同的心理機制，不宜採取以一概全的方式進行研究。本研究以引起注意型霸凌者為對象，探究其行為形塑與戒除的歷程。本研究以立意取樣與滾雪球的方式，邀請十位具備五年以上諮商年資、且曾經從事霸凌者諮商的心理師為受訪者，以紮根理論的開放編碼與主軸編碼進行資料分析。研究結果顯示引起注意型的霸凌行為可以追溯到霸凌者在原生家庭中的親子互動方式，此類霸凌者在幼年即已出現引起注意的行為模式；進入校園就學後，其個人特殊的師生、同儕互動脈絡與其引起注意的行為模式交互作用，逐漸惡化成引起注意型的霸凌行徑；然而當此型霸凌者渴望被關注的需求被諮商師、教師、家長辨識出來，然後予以同理、並助其找到可以滿足需求的替代行為後，其霸凌行為就逐漸戒除。然而上述的研究結果的確立仍需進一步與其他類型的霸凌行為進行區辨探究，此有待後續研究繼續釐清。

Several serious bullying events happened and caused great concern to the media and educational authority. Researches related to this issue were engaged in finding coping ways. However, studies related to the forming and abstinence process of bullying were still lacking and need to be reinforced. On the other side, bullying varies case by case, so the typologies of bullying are constructed. This connotes that it is better to explore bullying according to specific subtypes to avoid the mixed results caused by different types of bullying. Hence, the current study was designed to explore the forming and abstinence process of bullying aimed at calling attention, which is one type of bullying. Ten counselors who have professional experience for over five years and have experience of helping bullies were invited as interviewees through purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Open coding and axial coding were used as tools for data analysis. The results showed that bullies of this type formed a behavioral pattern of calling attention when they were very young in original families. Later on, as they went into school, the unique context of their interactions with teachers and peers worsened their behavioral pattern into bullying. Yet, once their needs of being concerned were recognized and empathized by parents, teachers, and peers, and they found substituted behavior for satisfying their needs, their bullying might abstain. This study also suggested that the above results need more evidence to consolidate through future study to distinguish the differences among the various types of bullying.