論野生動物保護的法制路徑：一個超越功利主義的視角

ON LEGAL PATH OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXCEEDING UTILITARIANISM

2016年修訂的《野生動物保護法》在重點保護野生動物名錄、棲息地保護、人 工繁育、法律責任等多方面作出了重大修改，彌補了1989年《野生動物保護法》諸多方面的不足，但仍存在有待完善之處。在進一步立法及其實施過程中，應突破狹隘的強人類中心主義和功利主義的束縛，著重在理念上處理好野生動物的生態屬性和資源屬性之間的關係，在保護範圍上突破“三有”（有益、有經濟價值、有科研價值）標準，完善以棲息地為中心的就地保護措施，明確移地保護的限度與人工繁育的邊界，以此形成完善的野生動物保護法制體系。

The Wildlife Protection Law amended in 2016 made great revisions to many aspects, such as the catalogue of the key wildlife to be protected, the protection of their habitats, the artificial breeding, and the legal liabilities. It makes up for some deficiencies in the Wildlife Protection Law of 1989, but still needs further improvement. The further legislation and implementation should break through the shackles of narrow strong anthropocentrism and utilitarianism, ideologically focus on the balance between the ecology and the resource attributes of the wild life, break through the three standards for protection (beneficial, economically valuable and valuable for scientific research), improve the measures of in-situ conservation with the habitats as the center, and specify the limits of ex-situ conservation and the boundaries of artificial breeding, so as to help perfect the legal system of protecting the wildlife.