中國司法能動的實現模式：基於環境公益訴訟原告資格擴展的分析

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM IN CHINA: A STUDY ON STANDING EVOLVEMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL LITIGATIONS

在中國的法律語境下，原告資格是提起訴訟的前提之一。法有明文規定方可訴。直至2012年之前，任何人都無法基於公共利益提起訴訟。然而在實踐中，環境領域卻逐漸打破了嚴格的資格標準。公民、社會組織、行政機關及檢察院等新型訴訟在各層級法院湧現。這一過程很好地展現了當代司法能動的一個側面。本文試圖揭示行政、司法以及立法在這一演進中起到的作用，並通過對官方文件、標誌性案件及法律法規的實證分析，結合中國歷史及傳統，探知中國司法能動的真相、空間、意願及模式，並論證法治是當代中國的必由之路。

In the legal context of China, Standing is a prerequisite for litigation. This stems from the empowerment by state legislation. Until 2012, no one was allowed to sue for public interest. However, as a matter of fact, the field of environmental litigation is taking the lead in breaking the strict standing standards in recent years. A variety of new plaintiffs have been evolving with citizens, social organizations, administrative agencies and procurators representing the public interest at all levels of the case. There is a very interesting phenomenon during this process in modern legal history-judicial activism. And this paper focuses on the impact of administration, justice, and legislation on the evolution. Through the empirical research on official documents, landmark cases, laws and regulations, it combines with China's unique political culture, ecology and legal practice during the transition period, highlights the judicial activism in the process, and analyzes the possible impact of bureaucracy on judicial activism. This paper also attempts to explain the space, desires and trends for judicial activism from the perspective of China's history and tradition. In the end, it comes to the conclusion that 'the rule of law' is an inevitable road in contemporary China.