動物養殖的文化史：以近代臺灣大家族園林與田園生活為例的探討

A Cultural History of Animal Breeding: Case Study on Garden and Rural Lives of Great Families in Modern Taiwan

本文擬以近代臺灣兩個大家族：板橋林家與霧峰林家，嘗試以這兩個家族園林及田園生活中的動物圈養為例，從人與自然的關係著眼，透過近代台灣的私人日記，思考牛、豬、羊等傳統家畜之外的動物，在民間生活中所扮演的角色，特別是關於台灣金魚、養蜂、庭園或田園中被馴養的野生動物為例的探討，分析其養殖、觀賞、研究途徑，觀察動物文化的在地性、跨地域性與去國籍性的意義。清末板橋林家園邸的動物文化，基本上屬於原有的中國文化圈的動物玩賞養殖型態，結合傳統中國文化中園林造景等概念，將動物當成園林文化中的一景。雖然如此，這些動物的來源有國際的背景，部分來自東南亞等其他地區，經由海上絲路的物種交流方式輸入。霧峰林家作為台灣中部的士紳階級，在園邸及莊園生活中，除對植物的興趣外，他們也以蒐集與研究動物來彰顯其特有生活品味，表現出與自然的親密關係。而這個家族對動物的關切，比板橋林家成員更積極明顯，所飼養的動物在種類、數量上更多，來源也更廣。另一方面，他們的動植物除了可供玩賞，也同時具有經濟的價值。民間對這些動物的馴養與傳播，有經濟利用的目的，也有社會文化生活的需要。他們與動物之間的關係，既反映民間的動物觀，也顯示個人對人與自然的關係的理想與實際；但在民間社會文化的色彩中，仍與動物的生物地理特質呼應，官方對動物的運用與政策肆應也值得注意，包括透過農會影響其養殖動物，日本商號與來自日本的養殖知識的傳入，亦可以看到動物的養殖文化在日治之後更大幅度地受到日本的影響。

This paper aims to analyze the cases of two great families in modernTaiwan, the Banchiao Lin Family and the Wufeng Lin Family, from the aspect ofhuman-nature relation, to explore their animal breeding in garden and rural lives.The article makes use of private personal diaries in modern Taiwan, to considerthe role of domestic animals (except from cattles , pigs and sheep ) in folk lives,like the gold fishes, beekeeping or wild animals domesticated in garden and ruralarea. To discuss how they breed, display and research animals, and observe thecultural significance of localization, trans -regional and de-nationality characterswithin it. The animal culture of Banchiao Lin Family in late Ching period, basicallybelongs to the traditional Chinese culture on pet animal breeding. It combined theconcept of landscaping in Chinese traditional garden, animals are considered as ascene in garden. In the meantime, many animals are come from overseas, e.g.,south eastern Asia, transported via the Silk Road on sea.Wufeng Lin Family are gentry in central Taiwan, they collects and studiesrare or precious plants and animals, to display their elegant taste and intimaterelation with nature. Wufeng Lin family are more interested in animals than theBanchiao Lin Family, they bred more diverse species and more quantities from abroader source. On the other hand, these plants and animals are for entertaining orsocial demand, and have economic value as well. Animal breeding in garden and rural lives reflects the attitude of folk aboutanimals. We can also find how the politics influenced the cultural history ofanimal breeding.