層級結構為本的漢語動詞情狀體分類

Aspectual Classification of Mandarin Chinese Verbs: A Perspective of Scale Structure

以 Vendler (1967) 的動詞情狀體分類系統為基礎的前人研究無法合理地解釋結果程度動詞 (degree achievement verbs) 的句法表現（Dowty 1979, Hay et al. 1999 等）。在近年“層級結構＂（Hay et al. 1999, Rappaport Hovav & Levin 2010 等）的研究基礎上，本文將 [±scalar] 這個新的情狀特徵引介入Vendler 為基礎的系統中，來更全面系統地對漢語動詞進行情狀分類。本文提出漢語動詞可以分為六類。該六分法不僅將結果程度動詞 (degree achievement verbs) 納入情狀系統中，且不影響前人原有的分類。通過對漢語 情狀分類的分析討論，我們預期以層級結構為基礎的情狀分類法也能應用到其他語言中。

Previous studies of the lexical aspect of verbs following Vendler (1967) cannot account for verbs of degree achievements (Dowty 1979, Hay et al. 1999, among others). Building on recent studies on “scale structure” (Hay et al. 1999, Rappaport Hovav & Levin 2010, among others). We introduce a new aspectual feature [±scale] into the traditional Vendler system in order to more comprehensively account for a wider range of verbs. By analyzing verbs/verbal compounds from Mandarin Chinese and following the scalar approach, we propose six aspectual classes that are needed not only to adequately accommodate degree achievements, but also to provide a fuller account of all the verbs. This scalar approach can be applied to the aspectual classification of natural languages in general.