閩語古全濁聲類的層次分析

The Diachronic Strata Analysis of the Traditional Voiced Initials in Min

本文以古漢語全濁聲類為歷史層次分析的參照系統，觀察比較這類古全濁聲母在閩南、閩東、閩北等閩語三大次方言之間的音讀對應關係，從中聯繫相應的音韻特點，進而辨析出相異的四項層次系統：一是文讀層，二是濁音白讀層，三是不送氣的清音白讀層，四是送氣的清音白讀層。然後，根據各項層次系統的音韻特點，包括音讀特性與音韻分合關係，探討其所反映的歷史時間或地域來源。除了文讀層的音韻特點大致符應唐宋以來的音韻發展，本文另外參照其他相關歷史音韻材料，以及考量層次的系統性對應，推論濁音白讀層反映自秦漢以來由北方引進的音韻系統，不送氣清音層反映南朝江東地區的音韻系統，送氣清音層則是反映閩地非漢語底層的母語音韻干擾。

The author compares the traditional voiced initials of Chinese phonology between Southern Min, Eastern Min and Northern Min and differentiates four strata of Min initials: (1) the literary stratum, (2) the colloquial stratum of voiced consonants, (3) the colloquial stratum of unaspirated voiceless consonants, and (4) the colloquial stratum of aspirated voiceless consonants. Based on the phonological distinctions of each stratum as well as the reference to relevant historical phonological studies, the probable origin of each stratum in terms of space and time is discussed. The conclusions are: (1) the literary stratum corresponds to the phonological system of the Tang-Song period; (2) the colloquial stratum of voiced consonants corresponds to the northern phonological system and could be traced back to a time earlier than Jin; (3) the stratum of unaspirated voiceless consonants corresponds to the southern phonological system of Jiang-Dong in the Southerndynasties period; (4) the stratum of aspirated voiceless consonants may result from substratum interference.