台灣閩南語共同腔的浮現：語言學與社會語言學的探討

A Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Study of the Emerging General Minnan

近來有許多關注台灣語言使用情況的研究指出，台灣閩南語兩大次方言漳州腔和泉州腔的區別逐漸消失，發展出「不漳不泉、亦漳亦泉」的新興變體，如原本在礁溪、宜蘭、大溪普遍的閩南語韻母 /uĩ/ 逐漸被 /ŋ/ 取代。此轉變在年輕一代的北部閩南語使用者身上尤為明顯。本文除了探討台灣閩南語折衷共同化的方向外，也與廈門腔比較，檢視兩個閩南語次方言趨同的過程和趨同過程所花時間之不同，並從社會語言學的觀點提出合理的解釋。

Many recent studies concerning language use in Taiwan, have observed that in the Minnan speaking communities quite a few signature linguistic features, characterizing Zhangzhou against Quanzhou, two major sub-dialects of the Minnan, are no longer distinguished and there emerges a new mixed variety. One noticeable phonological example is that the distinctive rime /uĩ/ of Zhangzhou, originally prevalent in Jiaoxi, Yilan and Daxi, Taoyuan, has been replaced with /ŋ/, particularly by most of young Minnan speakers. This paper not only gives a full account of that kind of phonological changes but also many lexical items in the new variety. In addition, it compares and contrasts the emerging variety with the Xiamen dialect, another recently koineized variety on basis of the Zhangzhou and Quanzhou sub-dialects spoken in Mainland China, in the attempt to find out how the speed of linguistic changes are correlated with societal conditions and speakers’ perception of the functions of the varieties involved.