泰雅語之 Hya’ 與立場標記

Hya’ and Stance Marking in Atayal

在尖石泰雅語裡，hya’ 是第三人稱單數代名詞，它的功能是說話者透過此標記來指涉出現在言談前部分裡的其一第三人稱事物。然而根據自然言談語料的觀察，我們認為，當這標記出現在特定的結構裡，亦即 hya’ 結構，hya’ 經過了語法化，發展成為一個立場定位標記。此結構是 hya’ 與前置的名詞或代名詞成分同時出現。在 hya’ 結構裡，說話者透過 hya’ 得以將立場受詞定位為第三人稱事物，並進一步地在評論子句裡評價或是討論此一事物。

Hya’, as a 3rd person singular pronoun in Jianshi Atayal, is commonly used to refer anaphorically to a third person entity specified in prior discourse. Based on an investigation of the uses of hya’ in natural discourse, we argue that when it occurs in a specific construction, namely the hya’ construction, hya’ functions as a positioning stance marker that must occur with a preceding nominal or pronominal element. In the hya’ construction, hya’ allows the speaker to position the stance object as a third participant and to comment on this entity via the comment clause that occurs following the hya’ construction.