彝語的將來表達：時態或言據性？

Yi Future: Tense or Evidential?

諾蘇語的將來助詞有指向將來的功能，但條件是句子的主語一定是第一人稱代詞，這種條件與言據性語言的助詞很相似。本文通過對諾蘇語的數據進行分析，得出諾蘇語的將來助詞是時態助詞，而不是言據性助詞。關於句子的主語一定是第一人稱代詞的現象是由古彝語引用助詞的演變而產生的，古彝語引用助詞是從動詞“說＂演變來的。除諾蘇語以外其他幾種彝語的將來助詞也是從動詞“說＂演變來的。但也有另外一些彝語的將來助詞是從動詞“要＂和“跟＂演變來的。可能還有一種彝語的將來助詞是從動詞“得＂演變來的。

The Nuosu future clitic encodes future time reference but exhibits a “firstperson” constraint that is reminiscent of evidential markers. We argue in support of the tense hypothesis but demonstrate with pan-Yi data that the evidential constraint is historically inherited from a quotation clitic which in turn can be traced back to a verb of speech (SAY). Several Yi languages display SAY-future tenses like Nuosu. Still other Yi languages derive future tense from the diachronic sources of WANT, FOLLOW and (probably) GET.