卑南語三個方言的名詞組連接

Noun Phrase Conjunction in Three Puyuma Dialects

本文探討卑南語南王、知本、泰安三村的名詞組連接結構。這三個方言都各有一個策略是僅用於名詞組連接（如南王方言的kay，知本方言的za+i/na，以及泰安方言的包含式代名詞），而有另一策略是不限於用在名詞組連接，亦可用於子句或句子的連接。根據在相互及非相互結構中這兩個策略所表現出來不相稱的特質，我們認為南王方言的kay 及知本方言的za+i/na 原本是用來標記伴同結構，而今經歷了語法化的過程，也可用來標記並列結構。另一方面，南王方言的aw 及知本、泰安方言的zi 之被用於名詞組連接則有不同的起因。藉由比較不同種類的篇章語料與它們出現的比例，我們認為，aw 跟zi 原是用來連接子句，它們被用於名詞組連接，是為因應近期文字化之需要而有的後起發展。

This paper examines noun phrase conjunction in three Puyuma dialects spoken in Nanwang, Katripul, and Tamalakaw villages. In each dialect, there is one strategy that only appears in noun phrase (NP) conjunction (e.g. kay in Nanwang, za+i/na in Katripul, inclusory pronouns in Tamalakaw) and one that is also used in clausal and sentential conjunction in addition to NP conjunction (e.g. aw in Nanwang and zi in Katripul and Tamalakaw). Based on their asymmetric properties when occurring in reciprocal vs. non-reciprocal constructions, the paper shows that kay in Nanwang and za+i/na in Katripul originally encoded a comitative meaning and are now in the process of being grammaticalized to mark coordination. On the other hand, aw and zi being used to mark NP conjunction tell a different story. By observing and comparing their occurrence in different types of texts, we suggest that aw and zi originally conjoined clauses and their usage in NP conjunction is a later development out of the need for literary clarity.