排灣語伴同結構與並列結構的比較

Comitative vs. Conjunctive Constructions in Paiwan

當今排灣語具有三種語法史上相關的「共同」語意的表達方式：伴同介詞ka，伴同格位標誌KATI/KATUA，以及並列連詞KATI/KATUA。被併入的ti 與tua 所標示的是名詞類別，而非格位劃分。獨具「共同」語意的伴同介詞及伴同格位標誌與兼具「各自」／「共同」語意的並列連詞分別具有不同的詞彙句法行為。非並列連詞manu 以及並列連詞KATI/KATUA 都只能後接不具格位標誌的限定名詞組論元，但唯獨並列連詞KATI/KATUA 只可以連接名詞性的句法成分。卑南語也顯現類似的伴同／並列結構對比特徵，而這類的語法現象對並列結構的理論分析有重要的意涵。

Paiwan exhibits synchronic co-existence of three diachronically related ways of encoding the notion of collectivity: the comitative preposition ka, the comitative case markers KATI/KATUA and the distributive/collective coordinators KATI/KATUA, in which the merged ti and tua act as noun class markers rather than case markers. The semantically non-ambiguous comitative preposition/case markers are morphosyntactically different from the ambiguous conjunctive coordinators. Like disjunctive manu, conjunctive KATI/KATUA conjoin DP, not KP, arguments; however, unlike disjunctive manu, conjunctive KATI/KATUA do not take non-nominal conjuncts. Similar morphosyntactic contrasts are also found with Puyuma comitative/conjunctive constructions and observations of this kind may have important implications for the theory of coordination.