巴宰語雙音節重疊詞──左向重疊或右向重疊？

Disyllabic Verbal Reduplication in Pazih ─Leftward or Rightward?

本文研究巴宰語雙音節重疊詞。巴宰語雙音節重疊詞是否涉及右向重疊一直備受爭議。本文指出，巴宰語雙音節重疊詞除了左向重疊外，也涉及了右向重疊。前人研究巴宰語雙音節重疊詞時，混淆了三類語意功能不同的重疊詞綴，包含了表示複數的REDpl(ural)，表示動作持續或重複的REDcont(inuous)，以及表示程度加強的REDint(ensive)。本文指出，一般而言，表示複數的重疊形式涉及左向重疊，且REDpl 出現在詞幹前；而表示動作持續或重複，以及表示程度加強的重疊形式涉及右向重疊，且REDcont 和REDint 出現在詞尾子音前。然而，當常規的重疊方式會導致重疊詞綴產生有標形式時，則重疊詞綴出現的位置即會改變。這和一般認為重疊詞綴較為無標之看法一致。

This paper presents a novel analysis of disyllabic verbal reduplication in Pazih. Previous studies on Pazih disyllabic verbal reduplication have encountered problems trying to determine the reduplicant placement in terms of whether a verb is active or stative. In this paper, it is shown that the recognition of three functionally distinct reduplicative morphemes, REDpl(ural), REDcont(inuous), and REDint(ensive), which have been neglected in previous studies, contribute greatly in the generalization of the principle governing reduplicant placement. In particular, this paper shows that REDpl is normally prefixed to the root, while REDcont and REDint are infixed before the root final C; however, if marked segments/structures are generated under normal copying, the placement of the reduplicant shifts one syllable rightward or leftward. Thus, the various placements of REDpl, REDcont and REDint are driven by the need for reduplicants to be unmarked, which is not unique to Pazih but is observed universally.