量度否定的認知語用闡釋

Cognitive and Pragmatic Explanations for Quantitative Negation

本文探討了現代漢語中兩類否定結構（即：“沒＋NP＂結構和“不＋A＂結構）的數量語義及語用特徵。從語義上看，“沒＋NP＂結構可以表達“零量＂、“不足量＂和“少量＂等三類量度意義，而“不＋A＂結構的量度意義則是事物的屬性程度低。根據本文提出的數量參照結構模型，“沒＋NP＂結構是以具體量、常規量或預期量等為參照的，而“不＋A＂結構則是以屬性的常規量或預期量為參照的。在語用方面，這兩類否定結構都不支持元語否定的解讀；說話人使用量度否定結構可以傳達主觀性和交互主觀性，而聽話人則可以根據合作原則和轉喻等理解否定結構所表達的意義。

This paper presents an analysis of the quantitative semantics and pragmatic features of two negative constructions in Mandarin Chinese: the “mei + NP” and the “bu + A” constructions. Semantically, the “mei + NP” construction represents three types of quantitative meaning: zero quantity, less quantity, and tiny quantity, while the “bu + A” construction indicates a low degree. Based on the quantityreference construction model postulated in this paper, the semantics of the “mei + NP” construction is conceptualized by referring to concrete quantities, conventional quantities or expectative quantities, whereas the semantics of the “bu + A” construction is conceptualized by referring only to conventional or expectative quantities concerning the property. Pragmatically speaking, the meanings of the two quantitative negation constructions are not subjected to a metalinguisticnegation interpretation. The speaker uses quantitative negation constructions to convey subjectivity and intersubjectivity, and the hearers may interpret the meaning of the constructions with the Cooperative Principle as well as through metonymic strategies.