主動發音器官模型與國際音標的幾個問題

Active Articulator Model and Some Issues with the International Phonetic Alphabet

Sagey (1986)、Ladefoged & Halle (1988) 和 Halle (1992, 2003, 2005) 提出用主動發音器官及其動作來定義區別特徵。端木 (2009) 詳細討論了如何用動作來表達特徵系統。本文從這個理論模型出發，討論國際音標的幾個問題：(1) 肯定麥耘 (2005) 對目前漢語界流行國際音標輔音表的批評，進而認為1993 版和2005 版國際音標輔音表也存在一些問題。(2) 嘗試用主動發音器官及其動作來區別輔音部位特徵，並以有7 個發音部位的語言為例，來演示如何分析多種發音部位。(3) 比較國際音標和主動發音器官模型對簡單音和複合音的處理，後者的分析似乎更為合理，並提供了一種新的角度來考慮相關問題。

This article discusses ongoing issues regarding the International Phonetic Alphabet. First of all, the author is in agreement with Mai’s 2005 criticism of classifying places of articulation according to active articulators, but this criticism goes not far enough. Problems with a description based on passive articulators need to be addressed as well and a new approach needs to be applied. Second, the active articulator model advocated by Sagey (1986), Ladefoged & Halle (1988), Halle (1992, 2003), and Duanmu (2009) is introduced to define distinctive features. After applying this model to two languages possessing seven places of articulation, it is shown to be powerful enough to distinguish the greatest number of place contrasts thus far attested. Finally, in comparison with the IPA, the active articulator model, in dealing with either simple or complex sounds, gives less ambiguous and more reasonable results, while allowing a new perspective on related issues.