應用格位傳遞與轉向比估計模式於適應性號誌控制邏輯之構建

Applying the Cell Transmission and Turning Proportion Estimation Models for the Development of an Adaptive Signal Control Logic

交通號誌為現今都市道路系統中必備的交通管理設施之一，然而，現行大多數交通號誌控制邏輯無法即時反應實際車流狀態，經常提供過長的綠燈時間或不當的紅燈管制，以及不連續的號誌時相順序，反而造成都市交通紊亂與能源的無謂浪費。適應性號誌控制邏輯的運作原理，係透過交通偵測器取得即時車流資料，根據路口實際車流型態，進行線上運算或動態查表，據以調整週期、時比與時差等交通號誌控制參數，以降低路口或幹道的總延滯時間與車輛停等次數。本研究以COMDYCS-3E 適應性號誌控制邏輯為基礎，改良其中三個模式內容，包含：路段車流推進預測、路口轉向比估計，以及適應性號誌控制模式六級決策內容。在模式評估方面，藉由微觀車流模擬模式VISSIM 的SignalControl API 建構完整的適應性號誌控制邏輯，同時在VISSIM 的模擬環境下，評估本研究所發展的整合式適應性號誌控制邏輯之績效。實證分析結果顯示，在幹道系統的模擬實驗中，本研究以LINDO API 套裝軟體求解依時性路口轉向比資料，其RMSE 誤差值最小為0.07；另在高流量的需求情境下，相較於固定時制與全觸動號誌控制方式，本研究所發展的改良式適應性號誌控制邏輯，可以改善5%以上的延滯時間。

Traffic signal control has become one of the necessary traffic control devicesin urban road traffic management. However, current pre-timed signal controlsystems could not instantly meet the actual traffic demands, resulting in providingunnecessary green interval or inappropriate red time control, and discontinuedsignal phasing sequence. Under such a circumstance, traffic signal control mightadversely become one of the main factors that cause traffic disorder and inefficientenergy consumption. The operational principle of adaptive signal control logic isto dynamically compute or look-up-table of optimal signal timing parameters ofcycle length, green split and offset to respond to real-time traffic demand collectedby vehicle detectors. The ultimate goal of an adaptive signal control system is toreduce total traffic delays and vehicle stops at an intersection or arterial.Based on a local developed adaptive signal control logic, COMDYCS-3E, thisresearch incorporates three components into the adaptive traffic signal controlmodel, including traffic prediction with cell transmission model (CTM), turningproportion estimation model, and six-step timing decision process. To evaluate theproposed traffic prediction and turning proportion estimation models, this researchused the Signal Control API built in the VISSIM microscopic traffic simulationmodel to establish an adaptive signal control logic, and assesses the performanceof the proposed integrated model framework under the VISSIM’s simulationenvironment.In the traffic simulation experiments under an urban arterial system, thisresearch solves the time-dependent intersection turning proportions using theLINDO API, and the numerical results showed that the minimum RMSE of theturning proportion estimates is about 0.07. Moreover, the numerical analysisresults based on the simulation experiments showed that the proposed integratedadaptive signal control logic improves more than 5% system delay againstpre-timed and fully actuated signal control logics.